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Showing posts with label obbligato. Show all posts
Showing posts with label obbligato. Show all posts

May 1, 2013

Bottlehead Crack Coppermine Edition

I’m going to guess that the Crack is Bottlehead’s all time most popular kit. A great little tube headphone amplifier at a price-point nearly anyone can afford that sounds very good for the money, it’s really hard to go wrong here. The Crack has gone up in price a little bit since its introduction 3+ years ago, but it’s still quite a value. I also highly recommend the Speedball upgrade, which replaces the plate loads on the tubes with a constant current source and brings this amp into its own with added detail and transparency. I built a Crack shortly after its release and of course replaced a number of the parts with racier versions and it sounded quite good. Years later, I reminisced how much fun it was to put together that point-to-point Crack and decided to build a new one from the ground up with fancy parts and give it a layout that would accept that added girth.

While I normally would have turned to Keith Kirby to shape me up a new chassis, it was time for me to step up and build my own, despite not being crazy about working with wood. The first task was to figure out what the size of the top plate would be with the additional room for larger capacitors (in both coupling and power supply positions) and a pair of large-ish Hammond chokes for the power supply as well. This ended up being 12” x 12” (more than twice the stock 10x6 size!), which is perfect as sheets of metal can be ordered in 12” x 12”. Rather than go with the typical aluminum plate, I spent a few extra bucks and went with a 12” x 12” x 0.1” copper plate. The copper provides even better grounding and conduction than aluminum and comes with a nice natural color. Despite the fluctuating metal market, a copper plate this size isn't too bad at about $40.

The next chassis-related task was to create the wooden box that the plate would sit on top of. This is not the most trivial of tasks for those of us not blessed with nice power tools and a garage. So, I drew up the dimensions of the plate, where the plate would sit on top of the routed edges on the wood, noted how deep the route would be, and based on that drawing I found the appropriate sizes for the wood to be cut and added about a 1/16” of an inch for wiggle room. For the wood itself, I decided I wanted something a little more intricate (“fussy”, as someone I know would call it) than flat sides, so I went with a flat piece of pine and a piece of decorative molding and glued the two together. I then used the router to make a decorative route along the outer top edge and used a rabbeting bit to make the inner route that the plate would sit on. Four sections of this piece could then be cut at 45 degree angles to make the box. Since I was cutting the wood by hand, I used a plastic miter box and did my best to cut at a straight 45 degrees all the way down to get the corners to line up properly. Obviously, this never works out perfectly, so that’s what wood filler is for.

Wood frame for metal plate "gravity" mount

Wood frame corner detail

Once the box was assembled with wood glue and the wood filler sanded down smoothly, four small wood blocks were glued to the bottom corners to provide adequate surface area for the EAR damping feet to be placed. For the finish, rather than simply staining the wood like I normally would, I opted to use a copper leafing kit from Old World Art to bring the copper theme into the base. The leafing kit is a multi-step process including a red base coat, adhesive size layer, application and burnishing of the metal leaf, a sealer coat, application of an antique top-coat, and then another sealer coat. The nice thing about copper leaf is it's incredibly cheap; a set of 25 sheets runs less than $10. 

Old World Art Leafing Kit

Red base coat

Copper leafing process

Once complete, it looks like the texture you would find on an old frame on a painting in an art gallery.

Copper leaf after burnishing

Copper leaf over the whole frame

Now the copper plate could be cut, punched, drilled, Dremeled, etc. to hold all the parts in place. The layout used to plan the initial plate size was used to determine where each hole would fall. Small holes were drilled using the drill press, larger holes for tubes and the Neutrik locking plug were punched using GreenLee punches, the extra-large holes for the capacitors were cut using hole saws on the drill press, and square holes, like for the transformer and IEC inlet were cut using a Dremel metal cutting disc. The copper is a little denser than aluminum and requires a bit more effort to cut through.

Once the chassis plate had all the holes necessary to accommodate the parts for the build, it was sanded down, starting with 80 grit sandpaper and ending with 600 grit. Next, a coat of clear satin finish was sprayed on each side to protect the copper, otherwise it tends to pick up fingerprints and oxidize. Gloves needed to be used after the sanding process so my fingers wouldn’t leave any oil on the copper. Once the clear coat was dry, parts could finally be fastened onto the plate.

Copper plate after sanding and satin finish

Aside from the PT-3 transformer from Bottlehead, a little bit of the wiring, and the Speedball upgrade, all other parts were swapped. For the wiring, silver plated copper in PTFE/Teflon was used for power connections, including the heaters, Cardas 20.5g internally litzed copper in Teflon for the signal, and Kimber 19 gauge copper in Teflon for capacitor connections, etc. Shielded Cardas copper in Teflon was used for the input and output wiring with the copper mesh shield grounded. A few of the nice gold plated solder posts from VT4C were used in place of the tin plated ones, and short turret boards were used to handle the power supply connections, which I find a little more robust for multiple connections. The tube sockets were Teflon with gold plated copper contacts and matching miniature PCBs. Coupling caps were a combination of a 47uF Obbligato Gold Premiums and 70uF Obbligato Film in Oils, both good values for the money. The final power supply capacitor was replaced with a set of three 75uF Axon caps wired in parallel (simply because the three together were a bit cheaper than a single 220uF film cap). The volume control was a relatively low-cost Taiwanese ladder stepped attenuator. Resistors were all of the Kiwame / Koa Speers carbon film 2 watt variety. The knob was a solid aluminum one with set screw from Kilo. Finally, the switch was a nice little brass plated 3A DPDT that was made for guitars.

Wiring up the unit went just like a stock unit aside for a few things. The Hammond 159M chokes (measuring 254 ohms resistance) replaced the 270 ohm resistors, the Obbligato Gold and Film Oil caps were wired in parallel and soldered in place of the coupling electrolytics, the pilot light was wired up to the 6.3V heater , and a few of the ground connections were moved about.  Also is the 6SN7 driver tube. A big thanks to Grainger who posted the alternate wiring information at Bottlehead which is duplicated below:

12AU7 PIN                          Wired to 6SN7 PIN
1                                                                                             2
2                                                                                             1
3                                                                                             3
4                                                                                             7
5                                                                                             N/A
6                                                                                             5
7                                                                                             4
8                                                                                             6
9                                                                                             8

I assume it is correct as it was confirmed on the forums by Caucasian Blackplate, but I make no personal guarantees ;)

Initial parts installation on the copper plate

Even though the stock Bottlehead PT-3 looks great as-is, I wanted to try something a little different for this build, so I opted to use a transformer cover from VT4C. The transformer cover base had to be trimmed to fit the PT-3, but it's a perfect fit length and width wise. 

Bottlehead PT-3 sitting on top of VT4C transformer cover base

In order to make a nice clean install for the three 75uF film capacitors in the power supply, I fabricated a piece of FRP (fiberglass reinforced plastic) with a few turrets that would sit on top of the caps and accept solder connections so they could be cleanly wired in parallel. The three caps wired in parallel give about 228uF (75x3 plus a little bit of tolerance wiggle room), very close to the 220uF electrolytic they are replacing. 

Fabricated FRP board

Fully wired up in stock configuration

After firing up the build in stock configuration and making sure it held smoke. I powered it down, removed the tubes and installed the very worthwhile Speedball upgrade. As mentioned earlier, the Speedball is a constant current source upgrade that replaces the plate loads of the input and power tubes. I also took the time to wire up the big 70uF oil filled Obbligato film caps.




Here's a shot of the completed amplifier sitting on the copper leafed base. I really love the look of the copper color and black on this build. 

Completed Coppermine Crack

Some nice little embellishments were a custom logo I made for the Coppermine Crack which I had engraved on a 3" wide copper plate, as well as some copper plated earrings which I attached to the top of the oil capacitors. 


Engraved plate and copper plated earrings on top of the oil caps

The final product looks and sounds great. I hope you enjoyed this build. 


The Fine Print:
Please remember that building circuits and performing circuit modifications can be dangerous to you and/or your surroundings and should only be performed by a certified technician. The owner of this blog and all associated parties can not / will not be held responsible if you attempt a build or modification posted above and cause physical harm to yourself or your surroundings. Many electronics contain high voltages that can kill, and mods, if performed improperly, can be a fire hazard. Please keep this in mind. 





May 20, 2011

The Latest Updates - Bottlehead and MHDT

Like an artist may say that a painting is never done, or the guys at PIXAR saying a movie is never finished, some of us electronics nuts feel like a project is never done. There is always another tweak, another piece to be added, substituted or upgraded. In the interest of keeping all information on a particular project in one place, I regularly go back and edit existing posts to include updates.


The first update to cover is the MHDT Constantine NOS DAC. When I was placing an order for some nicer caps in the MHDT Paradisea, I opted to get a few for the older Constantine as well, replacing the four 0.10uF stock caps with Obbligatos. A little bit of drilling of the soldering eyelets was required for the thick leads. Luckily, the Constantine board is one sided and I didn't have to worry about the conductive shells of the Obbligatos touching any traces. I did opt to add Teflon sleeving to the leads so that they wouldn't short across the shell though.


A few more of those beautiful gold Obbligatos for the Constantine
You can find the rest of the story here:
http://www.diyaudioblog.com/2011/02/modifying-mhdt-constantine-nos-dac.html




The second update covers a few additional modifications for the Bottlehead Crack headphone amplifier.  I managed to squeeze in a Solen 220uF film cap in the final electrolytic power cap location, sitting on a pair of standoffs. I also took the time to bypass the other two power caps with a pair of low-cost Audiophiler 2.2uF film caps. A Triad C7X was selected with a rating of 270ohms to take the place of the final resistor in the power supply (also 270 ohms). Since pretty much all the real estate has been used up on the plate, two 2" aluminum standoffs were used to raise the choke above the capacitor near the RCA inputs. This required adding 1" spiked feet to the bottom of the wood base for adequate clearance, just like in the Bottlehead S.E.X. build.  

Large Solen power cap and Triad choke
You can find the rest of the story here:




Finally, just a few days ago a MHDT Paradisea NOS DAC modification project was finished up. A variety of nice items were installed including Takman and Kiwame carbon film resistors along with Obbligato and Mundorf Silver Oil film capacitors. Next on the list for this mod is a Burr Brown op-amp to replace the stock Analog Devices one. 

Some creative mounting of the Mundorf Silve Oil Caps

You can see the whole story here:

Be sure to keep an eye out on other posts for new updates. I hope to be finishing up the Millett Jonokuchi headphone amplifier in the next few weeks, along with casing up a completed AMB Mini Cubed portable headphone amplifier. Of course it will be unique looking like my other projects ;)



The Fine Print:
Please remember that building circuits and performing circuit modifications can be dangerous to you and/or your surroundings and should only be performed by a certified technician. The owner of this blog and all associated parties can not / will not be held responsible if you attempt a modification posted below and cause physical harm to yourself or your surroundings. Many electronics contain high voltages that can kill, and mods, if performed improperly, can be a fire hazard. Please keep this in mind. 


May 16, 2011

Modifying the MHDT Paradisea NOS DAC

The MHDT Paradisea is an excellent sounding example of a NOS (non over-sampling) tube DAC. If you're not already familiar with MHDT's offerings or the concept of a NOS DAC, I encourage you to read through my post regarding the modification of the MHDT Constantine DAC. Both of the units make use of a Philips TDA 1545A DAC chip and come in a handsome translucent dark acrylic.

The main difference between the two units is the 5670 tube buffer, which is directly coupled to the op-amp. Per the Enjoy the Music review of the Paradisea, various tube equivalents can be substituted, such as the 2C51, Western Electric 396A, 6N3Pi (6H3pi), or the 6CC42. I have yet to experiment much with tube rolling on the unit, but the example here came with a Western Electric 396A. Visibly, there are quite a few more parts in the Paradisea, and MHDT appears to have used mostly Nichicon MUSE electrolytics versus the Elna Silmics in the Constantine. The Paradisea also contains a torroid rather than a flat-pack transformer, it appears that MHDT has switched their entire line to torroids now, so I'd imagine this difference is indicative of the vintage of the unit. 


Of course the unit was going to be going under the knife, but I wanted to identify my purpose for doing so. When I first plugged in the Paradisea, I immediately noticed a more crisp and detailed presentation as compared to the Constantine. While the added detail is nice, the treble energy may be just a tad much for those of us with sensitive ears. Taking a look at the parts inside, every resistor was blue, which in nearly all cases means that they are metal film. Carbon film resistors typically are a tan color, of course when it comes to boutique resistors, vendors color them whatever they like (pink Takmans, green Kiwames, red PRPs, etc.).

The reason this makes a difference is that carbon films generally have a slightly warmer and more natural sound compared to the more detailed sound of metal film. The vast majority of new equipment makes use of metal film as it's very easy and cheap to get values within 1%. Carbon film is more typically found in vintage equipment, along with the slightly sweeter sounding carbon comp resistors. People tend to stray away from carbon composition these days (except for grid stoppers) as they pick up a little more noise and can drift over time, but they do have a nice sound and can be used as long as you are mindful of their shortcomings. Because I'm more fond of the sound characteristics of carbon film versus metal film, I decided that I wanted to replace as many metal film resistors as I could from the Paradisea. 


The original MHDT Paradisea with the top off
Resistors cannot be measured reliably when within a circuit, they need to be removed to be measured or you can read the color stripes on the resistor, although this can sometimes be difficult to determine a color (orange versus red, white versus gray) on a minuscule resistor. In most cases, I removed the resistor to measure it, wrote down the value and position, and only if it was a strange 1% value I put it back. Any other resistors that visibly matched these values were not removed. Common values were replaced with a combination of Kiwame (Koa Spears) and Takman resistors, the Kiwame leads needing a little bit of filing to fit. Some 1% uncommon values were replaced with generic 5% carbon films; I basically purchased large amounts of close values and measured them, picking out the ones that measured within 1% of the color code on the original resistor. It's a very slow and regimented process, but is enjoyable if you like working on electronics ;) 


Modifications in progress
The MHDT units come with some very nice parts for sure, but there can always be room for minor improvements. I opted to replace the stock film caps, which are relatively small compared to other caps of the same value. Based on dimensions, Auricaps, Obbligatos or ClarityCaps would be the closest match, all being a little bit larger. I selected Obbligatos as they tend to be fairly neutral and are a nice price for what you get. The problem with Obbligatos is their attractive gold shell is conductive, so when the leads are bent around the bottom or the cap is sitting on solder eyelets, the shell will short them. I usually put some 3:1 clear heatshrink over top to prevent this from happening. 


Clear heatshrink over top of the Obbligato cap

Heatshrink shrunk to fit
For the output caps, which is a very audible position for capacitors, I selected a matched pair of 2.2uF Mundorf Silver in Oil. These are quite large, with thick leads, so some creative mounting was required. The solder eyelets for the capacitor leads had to be enlarged with a 1/16 drill bit, and one of the caps actually sits outside of the unit for a very hot rodded look :) When solder eyelets are drilled, it effectively separates the conductivity from the top and the bottom of the board, so in some circumstances, depending on whether the copper traces on the PCB run along the top or the bottom, you have to solder not only to the bottom but the top of the board as well. 


Finished PCB - front view

Finished PCB - rear view
I opted to cover the leads of the right channel Mundorf capacitor with teflon, then sleeve them with black nylon as they would be visible from outside of the unit and needed to look nice. 


Finished mod, PCB in case with top off

Completed Modified Paradisea
The Paradisea now has a more warm, natural sound with slightly more bass quantity (while still being very controlled). Midrange seems to be more liquid and smooth. Overall, I'm very happy with the presentation. Now for some tube and opamp rolling! :) 


UPDATE (6/11/11): The Paradisea is made for op-amp rolling (pulling out the stock operational amplifier and putting a similarly spec'd one into the gold 8 pin socket). I dropped in a vintage NOS Tung Sol 2C51 tube and a Texas Instruments OPA2107AP op-amp in the unit. Immediately noticeable was a big bump in upper-end clarity and detail. I'll need to spend some time with the unit to see if this is preferable to the stock op-amp with Western Electric 396A or not (verify if this new-found detail is fatiguing at all over long periods).



The Fine Print:
Please remember that modifications can be dangerous to you and/or your surroundings and should only be performed by a certified technician. The owner of this blog and all associated parties can not / will not be held responsible if you attempt a posted modification and cause physical harm to yourself or your surroundings. Many electronics contain high voltages that can kill, and mods, if performed improperly, can be a fire hazard. Please keep this in mind.